Techniques used in the design and origination of nano & micro structures include:

• Diamond turning on a drum - single direction, linear structures
• Fast tool servo - shallow microlens arrays or similar structures on drum
• Diamond turning - around and across the drum bi-directional
• Diamond turning - on flat surface
• Laser microablation - via masks, large arrays of high aspect ration microlenses
• Photolithography
• UV & Laser Interference (Classic Holography)
• Interference Lithography
• Electron Beam Lithography
• Direct laser writing
• Dot-Matrix (Holographic)
• Laser Lithography